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	Depeche Mode - Stripped (Live From 101 HD) (Steve 86) View
	Depeche Mode - Stripped (Rock Am Ring, 2006) (LL101) View
	Depeche Mode - stripped - live 1080p (AragormT) View
	Depeche Mode - Stripped (Live at Primavera Sound 2023) (Steve 86) View
	Stripped (Live at Rose Bowl, Pasadena, CA - June 18, 1988) (Depeche Mode) View
	Depeche Mode - Stripped - 1986 london - Black Celebration Tour (DMlive4you) View
	Depeche Mode Stripped 101 Live Remastered Audio HD 720p 25fps H264 128kbit AAC (Dude) View
	Depeche Mode – Stripped (Live from 101) HD (Jonny) View
	Rammstein - Stripped (Music Video) (Knight SGC Archive) View
	Depeche Mode - Stripped (Live) 4K (FirstRowConcert) View